金融知识

可能影响你的财务统计:

50%的美国人的储蓄不足一个月的收入以备不时之需

56%的人不知道自己的信用评分是多少

57%的家庭没有预算

58%的美国人信用评分在700分以上

61%的美国人靠薪水生活

美国有200万应届毕业生.S. 都失业了

31.7万名服务员拥有大学学位

23186美元是学生贷款的平均余额 

401 (k)计划 - A retirement savings plan established by an employer in which employees set aside a percentage of pay in an account that earns interest. 403(b)计划:类似于401(k)的退休储蓄计划, 但仅限于公立学校和某些免税组织的雇员.

大学储蓄计划 - 由国家或教育机构实施的教育储蓄计划. 它的目的是帮助家庭留出资金来支付未来的大学费用.

年利率(APR) - 年利率允许你以百分比来评估贷款的成本. 如果你的贷款利率是10%，那么你每年每借100美元就要支付10美元.

年收益率(APY) - 有效的或真实的年回报率. 年利率是一年内实际赚取或支付的利率, 考虑到复利的影响. The APY is calculated by taking one plus the periodic rate and raising it to the number of periods in a year. 例如，每月1%的利率，其年利率为12.68% (1.01^12). 

年费- 信用卡公司对使用信用卡收取的费用.

资产 - 任何具有交换价值的财产. 例如，现金、股票、债券、房地产和个人财产.

银行 - A for-profit company that is owned by its stockholders and provides saving and checking accounts and other financial 服务 to its customers.

债券 - 向公司或政府提供一定期限的贷款，称为期限. 你从贷款投资中赚取利息, 在学期结束的时候, 你的债券到期后，公司可以向你偿还.

预算 - 管理金钱的计划, dividing up expected income and expenses among spending and saving options based on personal financial goals during a given time period.

资本化, 当利息被资本化, the outstanding (unpaid) interest on your student loan account is added to the principal balance. 当这种情况发生时，你实际上是在利息之上支付利息.

存单(CD) - 在一定期限内存入资金的账户.g., 六个月或一个月, 两个, 或五年), 与金融机构合作, 并承诺固定利率. 对于大多数存单，你在这段时间内不能存取款.

公司债券 - 向公司提供一定期限的贷款，称为期限.

信用 一个债权人愿意借给另一个人购买商品和服务的金额, 期望这笔钱会如承诺的那样连本带利地偿还.

信用卡 - 一个债权人愿意借给另一个人购买商品和服务的金额, 期望这笔钱会如承诺的那样连本带利地偿还.

信用额度 - 贷款人将向客户提供的最高信用额度.

信誉, 还贷能力:衡量一个人偿还贷款能力和意愿的尺度.

信用评级/分 - 一种基于对消费者财务历史分析的信用衡量标准, 通常以数字形式计算的, 使用FICO或其他评分系统来分析消费者的信用. A creditor's evaluation of a person's willingness and ability to pay debts as judged by character, 能力, and capital; a mathematical model used by lenders to predict the likelihood that bills will be paid as promised. 

信用合作社 - A financial institution owned by its members that provides savings and checking accounts and other 服务 to its membership at low 费用.

借记卡 - A card used to pay for goods and 服务 directly from a checking account by transferring funds electronically from one's checking account to the store's account to pay for a purchase; also called check cards.

债务 - 欠债主的全部款项.

延期 - 暂时推迟支付联邦学生贷款, 如果你符合特定的标准，就可以延期. (例如，失业或经济困难).

多样化 - 当你把损失的风险分散到各种储蓄和投资选择上时.

赢得的利息 - 你允许金融机构或公司使用你的钱而得到的报酬.

EE债券 - EE is a type of bond that is normally purchased at half its face value and must be held for at least one year before being cashed.

员工福利 - 雇主提供的工资以外的额外福利(例如:工资).g.健康保险或养恤金计划).

电子转账账户(ETA) - A low-cost savings account that provides federal payment recipients with the opportunity to receive their federal payments through direct deposit.

股本 - 你的房子价值和你的抵押贷款之间的差额.

联邦学生贷款-贷款 这些都是由联邦政府担保的, 包括斯塔福德, 直接, 父母+, 和Grad PLUS贷款. 这些贷款有固定的利率，以及延期和延期选择.

固定的费用 - 每次花费相同的费用.

宽限期 - 在你开始积累未付余额的利息之前的时间长度.

总收入 - 扣除工资之前的工资收入总额.

我的债券 - 按面值购买的一种债券, which is the amount printed on the bond and must be held for at least one year before being cashed.

个人发展帐户(IDA)  - 一个匹配的储蓄帐户，其中另一个组织(如.g., 一个基础, 公司, (或政府机构)同意在你的账户上加钱，以匹配你存进去的钱.

身份盗窃  - 当别人提到你的名字时, 社会安全号码, 信用卡号, 和其他个人信息，未经您的允许.

收入 - 个人收到的任何款项.

的兴趣, 利息是你向贷款机构借钱时支付的额外金额. 在储蓄方面, interest is the additional amount you will earn for having your money in a bank account or other savings vehicle.

• 单利
• 单利是只对“本金”或最初借款的金额支付的利息, 而不是贷款利息.
• 复利
• 每日计息, 每月, 季度, 每半年一次, 或者每年支付本金和宝贵的利息.

投资 - 为将来的收入而存钱, 好处, or profit to meet long-术语 goal; using savings to earn a financial return.

滞纳金 - 逾期付款对所有类型的信贷的罚款.

贷款期限 - 你偿还贷款的时间长度.

货币市场帐户 - 通常支付较高利率的帐户, and it usually requires a higher minimum balance to earn interest than a regular savings account does. 您可以存取款.

共同基金—— 由一群投资者专业管理的资金集合. 共同基金经理把你的钱投资于各种股票的组合, 债券, 以及其他产品.

需要 - 必需品维持身体生活所必需的必需品或必需品, 包括食品, 服装, 水, 和住所, 有时被称为物质幸福

净收益 - Also called "take-home pay"; it's the amount of income left after payroll deductions

融资费用 - 设立贷款的费用，通常与住房和学生贷款有关.

从工资扣除 - Amounts subtracted from gross income that are withheld by an employer for items such as taxes and employee 好处s.

本票 - 申请学生贷款或家长贷款时签署的具有法律约束力的文件. The promissory note (sometimes referred to as a "prom note") lists the conditions under which you're borrowing and the 术语s under which you agree to pay back the loan. It will include information on how interest is calculated and what deferment and cancellation provisions are available to the borrower.

退休投资 - Money you invest over a long period of time so that you will have money to live on when you are no longer working.

罗斯个人退休安排(ira) Contributions to a Roth IRA are not tax deductible while contributions to a traditional IRA may be deductible. 罗斯个人退休账户的分配(包括收入)不包括在收入中.

对账单储蓄帐户 - 赚取利息的帐户. 你通常会收到一份季度报表，上面列出了你所有的交易和提款, 存款, 费用, 赚取的利息.

股票 - 公司的一部分，叫做 股票. If the company does well, you might receive periodic dividends based on the number of 股票 you own. 股息是公司回馈给股东的利润的一部分.

补贴 - The federal government pays the interest that accrues on the subsidized portion of federal loans during the in school period, 宽限期, 还有延缓期.

储蓄 - 把收入存起来以备将来消费的过程. 储蓄为紧急情况和短期目标提供现金，为投资提供资金.

传统个人退休安排(ira) - 向传统的个人退休账户缴款可能是免税的, 根据你的贡献金额和你的收入. 你的个人退休账户里的收入在分配之前是不征税的.

通货膨胀保值债券(TIPS) - Provides protection against inflation, and the interest rate is tied to the Consumer Price Index.

未受资助的 - 由借款人负责支付任何无补贴贷款利息的贷款.

U.S. 储蓄债券- 这是一种由美国充分信任和信用支持的长期投资选择.S. 政府. 储蓄s 债券 can be purchased at a financial institution for as little as $25 or through payroll deductions.

U.S. 国库证券—— 对美国的贷款.S. 某一时期的政府，称为 术语. 美国国债是由美国政府的充分信任和信用支持的.S. 政府债券包括国库券(T-bills)，票据(T-notes)和债券(T-债券)。.

变额年金 - 一种保险合同，将你的保费投资于各种类似共同基金的投资